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The impact of most chemical release scenarios is typically realized within the first ten minutes.

Depending on the chemical type and source conditions, the leak can be all vapor, liquid, or multiphase. A single flow chart can be developed that covers hundreds of potential leak scenarios for a given chemical or chemical mixture. Once the leak rate is determined, then dispersion or consequence charts can also be developed for quick and reliable estimation of potential impact zones. A reasonable estimate of the flow rate is essential for performing any subsequent dispersion or consequence calculations so that the estimated impact zones are not overly conservative and do not cause unnecessary evacuations and notifications.

Regardless of whether a real-time system or pre-planned emergency response guidelines and charts are used, emergency response personnel first must assess the leak type, location, size, and conditions. This is difficult to do during an emergency. Leak detection of the actual event is critical. Emergency response guideline data is also very useful for Process Hazard Analysis (PHA) consequence assessment.

Read this newsletter by Georges Melhem, Ph.D., FAIChE, for guidance on what a well-prepared emergency response plan for the process industries should address and the risks of failing to prepare correctly. Topics include:

• Reactor Explosion in Sisteron, France
• Explosion and Fire in Lodi, New Jersey
• Emergency Response Plan Guidelines
• Emergency Response Safety Message

Chemical processing facilities need reliable emergency response plans and systems (ERPS) in order to manage technological risks to plant personnel, the surrounding communities, and the environment.

Have a great and safe day.

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