BESS systems are now increasingly utilized by regional grid operators. With greater production and application of Li-ion BESS, the inherent hazards are more apparent with more frequent use. Read this white paper for an exploration of the mechanics of deflagrations that can occur during a thermal runaway event in a BESS and methods for sizing deflagration vents to protect against such explosions in elongated geometries.

A large oil refinery with a very complex flare network had become so complex that the tools the refinery was using to evaluate the flows through the flare network could not adequately model the system. The facility had six separate flares, three main headers, and hundreds of relief devices that discharged into the system. As the flare system was modified over the years, multiple cross-connection points were added between the headers in an effort to balance the flow rates through the headers with minimal piping changes.