LNG Risk Management

Managing the risks of onshore and offshore LNG facilities via a thorough understanding of the design and key issues associated with liquefied natural gas.

Our multifaceted approach takes into consideration the needs of regulators, engineering contractors and most importantly, you. LNG terminals, send-out facilities and associated pipelines, and power plants around the world rely on our extensive experience to complete QRAs, HAZOP and hazard identification studies, safety integrity level (SIL) reviews, and consequence analysis modeling.

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Our Team

Ram Goyal

Consultant

With over 50 years of experience, Mr. Goyal is a seasoned expert in process risk and reliability management, engineering project management from inception to completion, as well as engineering and safety standards. He specializes in Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA)-based decision making at the corporate level, providing guidance in areas such as investment, facility siting, insurance, maintenance strategy, major process and equipment selection, and human resource development and training.

Prior to joining ioMosaic Corporation, Mr. Goyal held roles at two national oil companies in the Middle East, a major US oil firm, a large engineering company in Houston, and a state-owned enterprise in the UK.

Project Sampling

Led Safety Integrity Level (SIL) reviews of the emergency shutdown system (ESD) of a major low sulfur diesel production complex, supporting decisions related to the sizing of flare sub-headers and headers.

As the project manager for the Front-End Engineering Design (FEED) of an aromatics production complex mega project, critically reviewed the proposed flare load reduction measures. This involved ensuring that the activation and timing of the shutdown devices aligned with the client corporation's risk appetite and mitigated residual risk accordingly.

After the Bhopal disaster, he carried out pioneering work in adopting risk quantification techniques developed in the nuclear industry and applied them to the oil and petrochemical industries. These were quantitative risk management and loss prevention engineering techniques were formally implemented at a national oil company in the Middle East.

Performed a quantitative risk analysis study of a cross-country crude oil pipeline network to identify optimal routing options and cost-effective risk mitigation measures.

Conducted comprehensive audits of the process safety, fire prevention, and environmental management systems at major chemical manufacturing facilities in Mexico. Developed a semi-quantitative risk assessment methodology to comparatively rate the sites. The method involved detailed quantification of the stipulated most-likely-loss-incidents and the worst-case scenarios associated with each process unit at each site. The method was subsequently copyrighted by his employer at the time.

Accomplished HAZOP Team Leader, leading numerous teams at existing facilities as well as Front End Engineering Design (FEED) and Detailed Design and Engineering for mega projects.

Completed HAZOP (Hazard and Operability) studies for a major LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) production and distribution network in Durban, South Africa.

Completed hazard identification studies for a major energy company in Canada related to project improvements and refinery expansion.

Performed risk-based permitting of land reclamation and housing development proposals in a coastal area.

Provided comprehensive classroom training on Process Safety Management implementation to over 800 engineers and technical staff. The training covered key elements including Process Hazard Analysis (PHA), Management of Change (MOC), and Incident Investigation.

Conducted obsolescence management based on cost-benefit analysis of fire and gas detection systems, distributed control systems (DCS), emergency shutdown systems (ESD),  and other major process equipment.

Publications and Presentations Sampling

Goyal Ram K, “Management of Change,” Chapter 9 in the UK IChemE book Process Safety Management and Human Factors, edited by Waddah S. Ghanem Al Hashmi, Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, November 2020.

Goyal Ram K, “Do we really learn from loss incidents,” Chapter 18 in the UK IChemE book Process Safety Management and Human Factors, Editor: Waddah S. Ghanem Al Hashmi, Elsevier/Butterworth-Heinemann, November 2020.

Goyal Ram K. and Salem M.H., “Not a drop of oil to the sea – the role corrosion engineers have to play to deliver this environmental vision,” a feature article in the Chemical Engineering World, August 2014.

Goyal Ram K., “Taking Credit for Emergency Shutdown Devices in Relief System Sizing and Design,” a “Key to Survival” feature article in the Offshore World, February-March 2013.

Goyal Ram K. and Kugan S., “Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP) – Best Practices Adopted by Bahrain Petroleum Company,” Society of Petroleum Engineers, Paper No. SPE 151688-PP, SPE Middle East Health, Safety, Security, and Environment Conference, Abu Dhabi, UAE, 2012.

Professional Affiliations

FIMechE, Fellow of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, UK

Professional Member of the American Society of Safety Professionals (ASSP)

Education and Licensing

CEng, Chartered Engineer in the UK

Eur. Ing., a registered European Engineer in the EEC (European Economic Community)

Imperial College, London, England
M.Sc., Management Science

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi, India
B.Tech., Mechanical Engineering

Featured Resources

 

Quantify Non-Equilibrium Flow and Rapid Phase Transitions (RPT)

Although non-equilibrium flow and rapid phase transitions (RPT) are well researched, the literature published so far does not explicitly quantify the RPT phenomenon or provide reliable methods for the calculation of non-equilibrium flow for mixtures. Download this paper for a clear understanding of how non-equilibrium flow and rapid phase transitions develop and how they should be quantified for pure components and mixtures alike.

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Featured Case Studies

Process Safety Management Quality Audits

Companies have implemented their process safety management programs to comply with OSHA and EPA requirements, but they continue to have accidents. Process safety management programs can meet the letter of the law, but may not be effective in preventing accidents. Traditional audit programs look at documentation and procedures, but do little to evaluate the program quality or effectiveness.

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An LNG plant in the U.S. was planning the renovation and expansion of its existing facilities, as well as replacing and installing new pipelines for transmission and distribution. Before construction began, the client needed to be sure the potential risks were identified and successfully managed to prevent any release of LNG and damage to their existing equipment and storage tank. 
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An LNG manufacturer had four nearly identical trains with three flare header systems. The client decided they wanted to use a new and more stringent criteria than previously performed under a different design criterion. The large scope and tedious nature of the data entry was a challenge since all calculations needed to be checked to determine the maximum pressure each flare pipe line would be exposed to.
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The California Energy Commission was directed to assist in the development of clean alternate transportation fuels. As part of this effort, they support the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles operating on hydrogen fuel. In order to be used extensively in the transportation sector, the safety of hydrogen production, storage, and supply needed to be addressed.

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