Our multifaceted approach takes into consideration the needs of regulators, engineering contractors and most importantly, you. LNG terminals, send-out facilities and associated pipelines, and power plants around the world rely on our extensive experience to complete QRAs, HAZOP and hazard identification studies, safety integrity level (SIL) reviews, and consequence analysis modeling.
Although non-equilibrium flow and rapid phase transitions (RPT) are well researched, the literature published so far does not explicitly quantify the RPT phenomenon or provide reliable methods for the calculation of non-equilibrium flow for mixtures. Download this paper for a clear understanding of how non-equilibrium flow and rapid phase transitions develop and how they should be quantified for pure components and mixtures alike.
According to NFPA standards, fire water is mandatory in any operational refinery or plant. Any plant emergency may not be adequately reacted to and overcome if there is no fire protection and fire water system. Facilities can prepare the appropriate amount of fire water by deciding on the worst-case scenario in case of a plant emergency. This presentation shows how to calculate in Process Safety Office® SuperChems™ software what the maximum required fire water demand rate is for a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) storage facility using a risk-based approach. The intent is on reducing the risk level, i.e. measures intended to prevent and/or mitigate the identified hazardous scenarios, of a facility. Using this method, the optimal amount of fire water can be obtained, and a more focused emergency response plan can be developed. Technical references from NFPA and API and the Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) methods are included.
Figure 1: Required SuperChems™ inputs for the source term stream.
Companies have implemented their process safety management programs to comply with OSHA and EPA requirements, but they continue to have accidents. Process safety management programs can meet the letter of the law, but may not be effective in preventing accidents. Traditional audit programs look at documentation and procedures, but do little to evaluate the program quality or effectiveness.
The California Energy Commission was directed to assist in the development of clean alternate transportation fuels. As part of this effort, they support the commercialization of fuel cell vehicles operating on hydrogen fuel. In order to be used extensively in the transportation sector, the safety of hydrogen production, storage, and supply needed to be addressed.
Apr 1, 2025
Dec 1, 2024
Aug 19, 2024